In simple words, efflorescence is not a very serious problem, but it can create some severe problems if ignored over time. First of all, there is an esthetic problem if efflorescence occurs. As e…

The typical way of efflorescence removal is brushing and sandblasting. It works but most often, along with the efflorescence, sand erodes the bricks and mortar with its abrasive force which can d…

How to Prevent Efflorescence - Protecting your structures 

To protect from efflorescence, we have to know how it comes. Generally, three cases must be occurred for forming efflorescence…

The spandrel beam emerges as an important part of frame structures. This article focuses on defining and discussing different aspects of spandrel beams.

What is Spandrel Beam?

In steel or concret…

Columns are the most important structural element in buildings. In this article, we will discuss the definition of columns. Also, a short description of all column types is presented here. …